Wisnu Purana: penciptaan semesta (1 kalpa)

Chapter 1: asal muasal alam semesta

Dijaman pralaya, tidak ada siang malam, tidak ada bumi langit dan tidak ada terang gelap.

Diakhir pralaya Dewa Wisnu atas keinginannya sendiri masuk kedalam Purusa (kekuatan maskulin dari penciptaan).

Pertama yang diciptakan adalah sebuah elemen besar yang tersusun dari elemen-elemen kecil. Elemen besar ini adalah sumber dari ego, yaitu Sattvic, Rajas dan Tamas.

Tamas menciptakan langit semesta dengan suara utama kebaikan. Langit kemudian menghasilkan sentuhan. Sentuhan menghasilkan udara. Karena itu sentuhan adalah ciri udara. Udara tidak bisa dilihat tapi bisa dirasakan. Udara menghasilkan Rupa, yang memungkinkan hidupnya api sebagai kebaikan utama udara. Api menghasilkan rasa. Rasa mengasilkan air, dimana air memiliki rasa. Dari keharuman air terciptalah bumi.Rajas menghasilkan 10 organ rasa dan Sattvic menghasilkan ego.

Kulit, mata, kuping, hidung dan lidah adalah membantu pikiran sesuai fungsinya. Anus, organ seksual, tangan, kaki dan dan organ bicara adalah organ pembantu dalam bertindak.

Elemen langit, udara, api, air dan bumi adalah elemen emosi. Tanpa elemen ini penciptaan tidak dimungkinkan. Awalnya kelima elemen ini ada dalam bentuk bola/telur besar yang merupkan hasil inspirasi Dewa Wisnu. Kemudian bola ini membesar menjadi Prakriti (kekuatan feminim dari penciptaan), dimana Dewa Wisnu masuk kedalamnya sebagai Hiranyagarbh.

Dewa Wisnu memelihara bola ini sampai akhir Kalpa. Dewa Wisnu sendiri yang menghancurkan semua elemen ini dalam wujud Dewa Rudra. Selama 1 Kalpa, Dewa Wisnu mengairi alam semesta dan tidur di Shesha didalam Ksheersagar. Saat Dewa Wisnu bangun, proses penciptaan berulang dalam wujud Dewa Brahma.

Sumber: 18 Maha Purana (pdf)

Om Asato Ma Sadgamaya

Om Asato Ma Sadgamaya adalah Pavamāna Mantra bersumber dari Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (1.3.28).

ॐ   असतो   मा   सद्गमय
Om Asato Ma Sadgamaya

ॐ असतो मा सद्गमय ।
तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय ।
मृत्योर्मा अमृतं गमय ।
ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः
शान्तिः ॥

Om Asato Maa Sad-Gamaya |
Tamaso Maa Jyotir-Gamaya |
Mrtyor-Maa Amrtam Gamaya |
Om Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih ||

Meaning:
1: Om , (O Lord) Keep me not in the Unreality (of the bondage of the Phenomenal World), but lead me towards the Reality (of the Eternal Self); 

Oh Brahman, semoga saya Dijauhkan ketidaknyataan, bimbinglah saya menuju ke kenyataan (diri yang abadi).
2: (O Lord) Keep me not in the Darkness (of Ignorance), but lead me towards the Light (of Spiritual Knowledge),

Semoga saya dijauhkan dari kegelapan, bimbinglah saya menuju cahaya-Mu (pengetahuan spiritual).
3: (O Lord) Keep me not in the (Fear of) Death (due to the bondage of the Mortal World), but lead me towards the Immortality (gained by the Knowledge of the Immortal Self beyond Death),

Semoga saya dijauhkan dari ketakutan akan kematian, bimbinglah saya menuju keabadain (yang didapat dari pengetahuan tentang keabadaian itu sendiri jauh dari kematian).
4: Om , (May there be) Peace, Peace, Peace (at the the three levels - Adidaivika, Adibhautika and Adhyatmika).

Semoga damai, damai, damai

Refrences:

1. http://greenmesg.org/mantras_slokas/vedas-om_asato_ma_sadgamaya.php
2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad 

Gayatri menurut Padma Puran

Dewi Gayatri disebut sebagai manifestasi dari garis keturunan Sankhyayan. Dewi Gayatri memiliki wajah cantik dan api merupakan ekspresi simbolis dari mulutnya. Dewa Brahma bersemayam didahi-Nya, Dewa Vishnu bersemayam dihati-Nya dan Dewa Rudra bersemayam diikatan rambut-Nya.

Gayatri mantra terdiri dari 24 huruf dan masing-masing huruf berhubungan dengan Dewa. Ada yang menyebutkan Gayatri mantra terdiri dari 18 huruf.

18 huruf:
OM AGNERVAKPUNSI YAJURDEDIN JUSHTA SOMAM PIBA SWAHA

24 huruf:
1st letter --- Agni
2nd letter --- Vayu
3rd letter --- Surya
4th letter --- Akash
5th letter --- Yamraj
6th letter --- Varuna
7th letter --- Brihaspati
8th letter --- Parjanya
9th letter --- Indra
10th letter --- Gandharva
11th letter --- Poosha
12th letter --- Mitra
13th letter --- Twashta
14th letter --- Vasu
15th letter --- Marudganas
16th letter --- Soma
17th letter --- Angira
18th letter --- Vishwadeva
19th letter --- Ashwins
20th letter --- Prajapati
21st letter --- All deities
22nd letter --- Rudra
23rd letter --- Brahma
24th letter --- Vishnu

Pemuja harus melakukan ritual 'nyas' dengan membayangkan pengucapan setiap kata dalam Gayatri Mantra pada bagian tubuh tertentu sebagai berikut:
OM BHUH --- dijantung, OM BHUVAH --- dikepala, OM SWAH --- diubun-ubun, OM TATSAVITURVARENYAM --- di seluruh tubuh , OM BHARGODEVASYA DHIMAHI --- dikedua mata, OM DHIYO YO NAH PRACHODAYAT --- dikedua tangan.

Perbuatan saleh yang tertinggi:
ketaatan kepada orang tua, kesetiaan terhadap suami, ketenangan, tidak memiliki permusuhan terhadap teman-teman dan pengabdian terhadap Tuhan Vishnu

Sumber: Padma Purana, 18 Maha Purana

Karvur Gauram Lagu pembukaan film Mahadev

Lagu pembukaan film Mahadev diambil dari Yajur Weda.

शिवयजुर्मन्त्र / Śivayajurmantra

Text Karpuragauram Karunavtaaram sbb:

Dalam dewanagari
कर्पूरगौरं करुणावतारम्
संसारसारं भुजगेन्द्रहारम् |
सदा वसन्तं हृदयारविन्दे
भवं भवानीसहितं नमामि ||

Text roman:
karpūragauraṁ karuṇāvatāraṁ
saṁsārasāram bhujagendrahāram |
sadāvasantaṁ hṛdayāravinde
bhavaṁ bhavānīsahitaṁ namāmi ||

Arti kata per kata:

• karpūragauraṁ : The one who is as pure/white as a camphor(karpur): Dia yang putih seputih kapur barus
• karuṇāvatāraṁ: The personification of compassion: perwujutan kasih sayang
• saṁsārasāram : The one who is the essence of the world: dia yang merupakan isi (esensi) dunia. 
• bhujagendrahāram: The one with the serpent king as his garland: dia yang berkalungkan raja ular.
• sadāvasantaṁ : Always residing; selalu berada.
• hṛdayāravinde: In the lotus-like heart (Explanation: Hridaya aravinde means 'in the heart that is (as pure as) lotus'. Lotus, though born in the muddy waters, is untouched by the mud around it. Similarly Lord Shiva always (Sada) resides (vasantham) in the hearts of beings which are not affected by worldly matters.): berada didalam hati setiap mahluk hidup, tetapi tidak terpengaruh keadaan/kondisi dunia (sekeliling).
• bhavaṁ: To the Lord: kepada-Mu
• bhavānīsahitaṁ namāmi: Accompanied by the Goddess, I bow: didampingi oleh Dewi, saya menunduk.

References/Original:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karpuragauram_Karunavtaaram    

Siwa Lingga dan Hymne Lingashtakam

Siwa Purana menyebutkan cara lain untuk mencapai pembebasan (moksa) sebagai berikut:

"Orang yg tdk sanggup utk melakukan sravana, kirtana dan atau manana untuk mencapai pembebasan, hendaknya membuat sebuah Siwa Lingga dan memujanya setiap hari."

Siwa sekaligus memiliki kepribadian dan tidak berkepribadian. Gambar dan patung Siwa merupakan simbol dari Siwa yang memiliki kepribadian.

Siwa Lingam merupakan simbol dari Siwa yang tidak berkepribadian.Memuja gambar/patung atau lingam adalah sama.

Keterangan tambahan:

• Sravana: mendengarkan kisah-kisah, pujian.
• Kirtana: mengekapresikan sifat-sifat Siwa, menyanyikan pujian.
• Manana: perenungan terus menerus sang pencipta.

Bunga yang tidak bisa dipakai dalam pemujaan Siwa:

1. Bunga cempaka (Magnolia champaca)
2. Bunga pandan (Ketaki) 

Sri Lingashtakam adalah 8 hymne popular yang dinyanyikan saat pemujaan Siwa Lingga. Lirik dari Hymne Stri Lingastakam adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Brahma Muraari Suraarchita Lingam
   Nirmala Bhashita Shobhita Lingam
   Janmaja Dukha Vinaashaka Lingam
   Tat Pranamaami Sadaa Shiva Lingam
   Meaning: I bow before that Sada Shiva Linga, which is adored by Brahma, Vishnu and other Gods, which is praised by pure and holy speeches and which destroys the cycle of births and deaths.
2. Devamuni Pravaraarchita Lingam
   Kaamadaham Karunaakara Lingam
   Raavana Darpa Vinaashaka Lingam
   Tat Pranamaami Sada Shiva Lingam
   Meaning: I bow before that Sada Shiva Linga, which is the destroyer of desires, which the Devas and the sages worship, which is infinitely compassionate and which subdued the pride of Raavana.
3. Sarva Sugandha Sulepitha Lingam
   Buddhi Vivardhana Kaarana Lingam
   Siddha Suraasura Vanditha Lingam
   Tat Pranamaami Sadaa Shiva Lingam
   Meaning: I bow before that Sada Shiva Linga, which is lavishly smeared with variegated perfumes and scents, which elevates the power of thought and enkindles the light of discrimination, and before which the Siddhas and Suras and Asuras prostrate.
4. Kanaka Mahaamani Bhushitha Lingam
   Phanipathi Veshtitha Shobhitha Lingam
   Daksha Suyajna Vinaashaka Lingam
   Tat Pranamaami Sadaa Shiva Lingam
   Meaning: I bow before that Sada Shiva Linga, the destroyer of Dakshas sacrifice, which is decorated with various ornaments, studded with different gems and rubies and which glows with the garland of the serpent Lord coiled around it.
5. Kumkuma Chandana Lepitha Lingam
   Pankaja Haara Sushobhitha Lingam
   Sanchitha Paapa Vinaashaka Lingam
   Tat Pranamaami Sadaa Shiva Lingam
   Meaning: I bow before that Sada Shiva Linga, which is smeared with saffron and sandal paste, which is decorated with lotus garlands and which wipes out all accumulated sins.
6. Devaganaarchitha Sevitha Lingam
   Bhaavair Bhakti Bhirevacha Lingam
   Dinakara Koti Prabhakara Lingam
   Tat Pranamaami Sadaa Shiva Lingam
   Meaning: I bow before that Sada Shiva Linga which is worshipped by the multitude of Gods with genuine thoughts full of faith and devotion and whose splendor is like that of a million suns.
7. Ashta Dalopari Veshtitha Lingam
   Sarva Samudbhava Kaarana Lingam
   Ashta Daridra Vinaashaka Lingam
   Tat Pranamaami Sadaa Shiva Lingam
   Meaning: I bow before that Sada Shiva Linga, destroyer of all poverty and misery in its eight aspects, which is the cause of all creation and which stands on the eight petalled Lotus.
8. Suraguru Suravara Pujitha Lingam
   Suravana Pushpa Sadaarchitha Lingam
   Paraatparam Paramatmaka Lingam
   Tat Pranamaami Sadaa Shiva Lingam
   Meaning: I bow before that Sada Shiva Linga which is the Transcendent Being and the Supreme Self, worshipped by all Suras and their preceptor (Brhaspathi), with innumerable flowers from the celestial gardens.

References/Original:

• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva_Puja

-What is the proper way for sthapana or pran-pratishtha ?
A: Follow the standard procedure. You may find it in Gita-Press published "Nitya Karma" book. The key to remember is, you are invoking the deity who is inside your Hr-daya (Heart, not physical heart) into the Linga or Idol. If, you are using Naturally available i.e. Udbhava Linga, then Prana-Pratishtana is not necessary as Shiva is already present in it.
-How to worship shiv linga everyday at home
?
A: The standard procedure for any worship is same. Start with achamana, pranayama, sankalpa, prana-pratishtapana, avahana, dhyana, pancha-upachara (5 upachara) puja, abhisheka, naivaidya and visarjana.
The puja can be elaborated or shortened based on time availability. The 5 upacharas are- gandha, pushpa, dhoopa, deepa and naivaidya.
If you do not have Shiva-Linga, you can mentally worship Shiva Puja. Refer to Shiva Manasa Puja written by Adi Shankaracharya.
The key to remember is "Devotion" and "Surrendering". The rules, procedure etc. have their value, but devotion is most important key. Treat the God as a guest who has come and hence, do his seva with love and respect. Treat God as mother or father or spouse or master and serve him and love him in that way.
-What are the do's and dont's ?
A: It is preferable to have bath, freshen up and perform the Puja everyday at same time and place. Preferably face the direction of east or north. But, all these are preferable conventions. If someday you cannot perform at the normal time, instead of skipping its better to perform at other time. Also preferably do puja in empty stomach if possible.
-How to do 'abhishek',How frequently to do abhishek?
A: You can do abhishek with water, milk, curd etc. You can do abhishek by chanting the Shiva mantra or the chamakam.
- Things which are liked and disliked by shiva (Kind of fruits,leaves tika to be used)
A: Bilva leaves are specially dear to Lord Shiva. But, Lord Krishna in Gita (9.26) says, God accepts whatever that is offered with devotion be it leaves, flowers, fruits or just water.

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-proper-way-to-worship-Shiva-Linga-at-home

How to worship lord shiva at home
1. Do a regular prayer to shiva lingam at home during the early morning and also evenings everyday.
2. Wash the shiv linga and apply vibhuti or bhasm.
3. Light a deepa, Incense sticks, also known as agarbathi can be light besides.
4. Recite “namah shiva” few times.
5. On Mondays especially offer milk or any sweet made with milk to the lord.

http://www.mindcontroversy.com/how-to-worship-lord-shiva/

The first and foremost thing that one needs to be kept in mind before performing any puja is that the devotee should take a bath
Never put tulsi (basil) leaves on the shivling . Always offer only Bael leaves
When offering milk to the shivling make sure that you never use pasteurized or packet milk and make sure you always use ice cold milk
Never offer coconut water as an offering to the shivling, although you can offer coconuts
Although many fruits can be offered but the most common fruit that is offered to the shivling on all major festivals is Bael (wood apple) as it signifies longevity
The shivling should be first offered Panchamrit, which is a mixture of milk, ganga jal, saffron, sugar/honey and water
It is believed that the shivling and the idol of Lord Shiva should only be offered white flowers because Lord Shiva is said to be especially fond of flowers that are white in colour.
Never offer kewda and champa flowers as they are said to be cursed by Lord Shiva
The devotees can put a tilak of sandalwood paste on the shivling.
Never use a kumkum tilak for the shivling, although the devotees can use it for the idols of goddess Parvati and Lord Ganesha
It is believed that the devotees should never consume whatever they have offered to the shivling as it brings bad omen, leads to loss of good luck and money and can also cause illness.
The abhishek should always be done in a naag yoni stand which is made up of gold, silver or brass
Never use a steel stand for the abhishek
Always remember if you keep a shivling at home it should be accompanied by a jaldhara. If the shivling is worshipped without the jaldhara it attracts negative energies.
There are many other beliefs that are suggested by various experts and religious figures but these are the main things that should be kept in mind while worshipping the shivling.
Om Namah Shaivaya!!!

http://www.theshivaexperience.com/dos-and-donts-of-shivling-puja/

Tahapan pembebasan

Tahapan pembebasan terdiri dari 5 tahap berdasarkan Siwa Purana:

1. Salokya
2. Samipya
3. Sarupya
4. Srihstri
5. Sayujya

Omkara dan turunannya

Omkara merupakan wujud dari Brahman yang tidak berwujud, tidak berujung dan tidak berakhir.

Omkara dibunyikan dengan mengucapkan AUM atau OM dimana lidah bergerak menuju langit-langit mulut.

Omkara bersumber dari 5 wajah Siwa sebagai berikut:

• A: wajah sebelah utara
• U: wajah sebelah barat.
• M: wajah sebelah selatan.
• Bindu (titik): wajah sebelah timur.
• Nada/irama ilahi: tengah

AUM/OM disebut mula mantra
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Namasiwaya disebut mantra 5 suku kata
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Dewi Gayatri (berwajah 5)
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Turunannya

Sumber: Siwa Purana Bab X